In 1110, the Moon Never Disappeared from Heaven, What Causes it?

According to the records of medieval English writers, 1110 was described as a 'year of disaster'. Heavy rains damaged residents' crops and hunger lurked. Not only that, one night in May, the Moon suddenly disappeared from the sky.

"On the fifth night in May, the Moon that had shone brightly at night, slowly lost its light," the anonymous scribe noted it in an Anglo-Saxon manuscript called the Peterborough Chronicle.

"When the night gets late, the light really goes out. There is no light, orb or anything visible from the Moon, "he added.

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Clouds are not the problem. If this were the case, the scribe would not describe the brightness of the stars, while the Moon faded from view. And if the Moon is only defeated by the shadow of the Earth, what happens is the phenomenon of "Blood Moon", not the appearance of a horrible dark blank in the sky.

So, what made the Moon disappear from the sky in the bleak 1110? According to a study published in Scientific Reports, the explanation came from the volcano.

"Spectacular atmospheric phenomena associated with high volcanic aerosols have attracted the attention of writers since ancient times," the researchers wrote.

"A careful evaluation of the ice core records shows that volcanic eruptions occurred in Europe or Asia between 1108 and 1110," they said.

The volcanic event - what researchers call the "forgotten eruption cluster" because historians rarely documented at that time - might have released clouds of ash that towered over the world for years.

This volcanic aerosol layer is thought to have "erased" the Moon from our view, as the writer of the Peterborough Chronicle has described.

Not only that, a series of large eruptions also disrupt the global climate. Causing and exacerbating cold and wet weather which made life very sad in 1110.

Chasing terlupakan the forgotten ’

To get evidence of the 'forgotten eruption', the researchers observed Greenland and Antarctic ice cores - ancient ice that could reveal what the global climate was like at the time and what kind of particles were floating in the atmosphere.

The team saw an increase in aerosol sulfate (a component of volcanic dust) in the two nuclei between 1108 and 1110. Showing that the stratosphere was filled with volcanic eruption smoke.

Furthermore, they found volcanic activity in tree rings from the same period. Tree rings that change in thickness in response to climate patterns, reveal that in 1109, temperatures were very cold and wet in Europe. The climate is very anomalous when compared with some volcanic eruptions recorded in history.

The researchers then traced 13 narratives about bad weather, crop failure and famine at the time - supporting the theory that a series of volcanic eruptions had really hit European climate.

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In a diary written by Japanese officials, it is known that Mount Asama experienced a series of eruptions from August to October 1108. He described the eruption with a burst of fire into the sky. This explanation makes sense considering the surge of sulfates in the Greenland ice core and aerosol pollution in the sky which then covered the Moon.

The researchers added, there was another eruption in the southern hemisphere in 1107, possibly also contributing to sulfate in the Antarctic ice core.

Although the results of this study mostly depend on indirect studies, but according to the researchers, this is the best hypothesis regarding the case of the missing moon.


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